Tunnel2Funnel

ISO 8217 specifies the requirement for petroleum fuels for use in marine diesel engines and boilers prior to appropriate treatment before use. There has been total of five editions of ISO 8217 till now.The most widely used specification is still ISO 8217:2005 i.e. the third edition. Fourth edition of ISO 8217 is ISO 8217:2010. SALIENT FEATURES:- It provides for better fuel quality Improvement of the safety levels in shipboard operation  Reduced engine damage and consequential risks It specifies 4 categories of distillate fuel,one of which is for diesel engines for emergency purpose, and 6 categories of residual fuel.  New features added in distillate fuel are:- Lubricity: - Fuel has to possess lubricity if the sulfur content is less than 0.05% to avoid fuel pump wear down Oxidation stability :- This minimizes addition of bio-diesel to reduce storage risk on board vessel. New features added in Residual fuel are:- CCAI: - It avoids uncharacteristic density visc

The purpose of annual survey is to visually examine and ascertain the general condition of the vessel or that relevant requirements are complied with. A more thorough annual survey may be specified for particular structure, machinery installation or equipment due to consequences of failure or age. During an annual survey efficient condition of following is to be verified- Complete overall examination of structure, including void spaces and critical structure behind fire insulation as deemed necessary by surveyor. Hatchways on free board and superstructure deck. Weather decks Ventilation coamings and ventilation ducts. Air pipes Windows, dead lights and side scuttles Water tight doors Exposed casings and sky lights. Bilge level detection and alarm system Anchor and mooring arrangements Load line items like gangways, bulwark etc Main and auxiliary steering gears including their associated equipment and control equipment Machinery space  with particular attention to propu

Now a days the average sulfur content of HFO used for marine diesel engines is about 2.7%. This will further reduce with forthcoming stricter emission legislation. With such varying content of sulfur in fuel forces us to use appropriate cylinder lub oil in the engines.   With the enforcement of new legislation regarding SOx emission, the engine maker's declared without giving any thought that their engines are compatible with fuel having low sulfur including distillate fuel.   But there was deep research and study about the use of appropriate cylinder oil in relation to varying sulfur content of fuel.This study was required because of the presence of cold corrosion in cylinder liners. The cold corrosion is considered to be the most influencing cause of wear in the liners, which is basically due to the condensation of SO3 in exhaust gases.        In order to neutralize sulfuric acid the cylinder lub oil must contain appropriate alkaline components. The BN is actually a measure o

CAPITAL COST- It depends on mainly two things. First is  How the ship is financed. If financed by loan, then it will depend on Size of loan Source of loan Interest rate Terms of loan Final price of the ship will be; Final Price= Cash price + Interests= Cash price+ n*Installments Second capital cost is  Depreciation- Deprecation refers to two very different but related concepts. First is decline in value of assets and Second is allocation of the cost of tangible assets to periods in which the assets are used. Depreciation cost depends on Cost of asset Expected salvage value of asset Estimated useful life of asset A method of apportioning the cost over such life OPERATING COST- It consists of the following Crew Cost:- Crew cost includes direct and indirect costs. Direct cost includes Wage cost Travel cost On Board victualing Training Union fee Indirect cost includes Recruitment/ Selection of process Medical test Social dues Communicatio

REQUIRED EEDI The Required EEDI is the maximum allowable value of the attained EEDI permissible for a specific ship type and size. The Required EEDI represents a minimum energy efficiency requirement for new ships depending on ship type and size. This begins with a baseline in 2013 and is raised successively in three steps until 2025. The baseline for required EEDI is calculated from the EEDI of vessels built after the millennium.The EEDI assesses the energy consumption of the vessel at noral seafaring condition, taking into account the energy required for propulsion and the hotel load for the crew. Energy consumed to maintain the cargo and for the manoeuvring or ballasting is not considered. The Required EEDI is calculated for all ship types using 100% of the dead weight at summer draft,except for passenger ships where GT is used. According to MARPOL Annex 6 chapter 4 regulation 21 Required EEDI is:- (1-x/100) * Reference line value The reference value is defined by a line which