INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCT TANKERS

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Oil product tankers are non-specialized tankers below 60,000 dwt as well as coated tankers above this size. These ships carry a spectrum of cargoes, ranging from relatively unsophisticated dirty products such as fuel oil through to clean products such as naphtha. Vessel that trade at one end of this spectrum are unlikely to be able to switch easily to the other end. At the most sophisticated end of the fleet there is an overlap with the chemical sector with a significant volume of swing tonnage that can operate in either.
               Chemical tankers are modern parcel tankers with either full or partial S.S. tanks that cover the sophisticated end of the chemical market, for which IMO grade 1/11 is required.
          Many product tankers are purpose built with coated tanks and have sophisticated pumping system capable of handling 12 or more grades.
      So, basically product carriers are of two types:-
1) Dirty product carrier ( fuel oil and heating oil)
2) Clean product carrier ( Gasolene, jet fuel, Diesel, Kerosene, Clean condensate, Naphtha)

               Larger dirty product carriers are frequently switched between the crude trades and refined dirty products. After carrying crude, the cargo tanks have to to go cleaning to remove wax and crude residue, which might affect the flash point of the dirty products like fuel oil.
               Some large product carriers have their tanks coated to reduce corrosion from crude and water washing and facilitate changing from one to the other.
INERTING REQUIREMENT FOR PRODUCT CARRIER:-

  1. If ship is carrying product of flash point greater than 60 deg Celsius, then inert gas system  need not to be fitted.
  2. But of the cargoes are heated to 5 deg less than their flash point then tanks should be inerted.           
USCG REQUIREMENT :-
          A new product carrier of  at least 20,000 dwt shall be equipped with a cargo tank protection system consisting of a fixed deck frothing system and a fixed gas inert system or if product carrier carries dedicated products incompatible with cargo tanks protection system, an alternate protection system authorized by secretary is required.

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