Identification, Certification and Maintenance of Loose gears and wire ropes

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When a lifting appliance fails the consequences can be far reaching. Serious injury and death can occur, not just to personnel but to the general public.
                     For derricks, deck cranes, hose handling cranes and ER cranes annual thorough examinations are to be held once in every 12 months period, unless otherwise stated by ship's flag administration.

LOOSE GEARS :-
         Loose gear is any item which attaches the load to the appliance or an interchangeable item in the load path, not permanently attached to the lifting appliance. Loose gear items include ---
      Hooks, Blocks, Chains, Shackles, Swivels, Rings, Links, Slings, Grab bucket, Spreader, Lifting beams and Lifting frames.



     Loose gear should be thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once every year, or more often as required by a national authority, company procedure, a competent body or competent person.
     Metallic loose gear items are generally to be made up of steel or alloy steel. wrought iron is no longer permitted and any wrought iron items are to be condemned and replaced immediately.
         Proof loads for loose gear:-
Single sheave block ---            4 X SWL
Multi sheave block ----   SWL less than or equal to 25 tons                                2X SWL
                                       SWL greater than 25 but less than 160 tons               ( 0.933 X SWL) + 27
                                       SWL greater than 160 tons                                          1.1 X SWL
Hooks, Shackles, Rings, Swivels etc.
                                       SWL less than or equal to 25 tons                               2X SWL
                                       SWL greater than 25 tons                                           ( 1.22 X SWL) + 20
Lifting beams, spreaders, frames
                                      SWL less than or equal to 10 tons                                2 X SWL
                                      SWL greater than 10 but less than 160 tons                  ( 1.04 X SWL) + 9.6
                                      SWL greater than 160 tons                                          1.1 X SWL

Limits of wear down and corrosion :-
Structural member                  Reduction of 10% max at any point based on material thickness
Loose gear                             Reduction of 5% on any diameter. Reduction of 2% on any diameter of a pin                                                  in a hole

WIRE ROPES :- Wire rope is identified not only by its component parts, but also by its construction. i.e. by the way the wires have been laid to form strands and by the way the strands have been laid around the core.
One is right hand regular lay in which The strands are layed in clockwise direction around the core and the wires in the strand are layed in a counter clockwise direction
Second is left hand regular lay in which The strands are layed in a counter clockwise direction around the core and the wires in the strand are layed in a clockwise direction.
Third is Right hand lang lay in which The strands are layed in a clockwise direction around the core and the wires in the strands are laid in clockwise direction.
Fourth is Left hand lang lay in which The strands are layed in a counter clockwise direction around the core and the wires in the strand are laid in a counter clockwise direction

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Every wire rope of lifting appliance or loose gear shall be inspected by a responsible person once at least in 
every three months. Ropes should be regularly greased and lubricated in accordance with manufacturer's guidelines through out their working life. Ropes must be clearly marked in a way which relates them uniquely to their test certificate . The surveyor will need to see:-
  • The tag, tally or the disc attached to the rope or filed within the vicinity of the winch or marking on the ferrule of the end connection,The marking include the surveyor's or manufacturer's stamp.The rope detail on related certificate.

Limits of wear down or corrosion:-5% of broken, worn or corroded wires in any length of 10 rope diameter.






     

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